According to a past president of the APA (American Psychological Association), Nicholas Cummings, unbiased research on homosexuality was never done. In a recent interview, Cummings says he introduced the resolution that homosexuality is not a mental illness. Rather, it is "characterological." (Let me emphasize that. HOMOSEXUALITY IS A CHARACTER-BASED DISORDER.) Removing it from the mental health column didn't mean homosexuality was normal, but the homosexual activists used the APA to play "let's pretend." At the time the resolution passed Cummings said they also resolved to continue research and report on whatever the research demonstrated. However, Cummings says, "unbiased open research was never done." At the time, the Leona Tyler principle was in effect which required that psychology professionals base any advocacy on demonstrable scientific research and proven experience. Dr. Cummings says that, as the APA became more political in the late 1980s and '90s, the Leona Tyler principle, which was "never withdrawn" simply disappeared. (In 2007 NARTH's governing board adopted the Leona Tyler principle.)