I'm continuing to read and reflect on the article claiming that the SSPX position is "indefensible." I wrote in part 1 about clandestine ordinations forbidden by Rome but performed by both John Paul II when he was bishop of Krakow and Cardinal Josyf Slipyj, a prisoner of Russia. Rome explicitly forbade the clandestine ordinations during the Cold War battle with Communism. The bishops did it anyway. Sometimes, crisis situations necessitate disobedience. John Paul II never expressed any regret over his deliberate disobedience of the pope's directives and he never suffered any consequences despite the automatic punishments defined in canon law. He is now a canonized saint and Cardinal Slipyj's cause is in progress.
So the criticism of Archbishop Lefebvre for doing the same thing during our modernist crisis rings a bit hollow, not to mention a bit hypocritical. Since none of the SSPX detractors mention these acts, one can only conclude that they either didn't do their homework; or they deliberately ignore what doesn't assist their agenda of attacking the SSPX.
But now I'll move on to another issue in the article that struck me. He asks, "Were the episcopal consecrations justified?" and draws the conclusion that they were not, claiming that:
Lefebvre’s motivation to save the Church stemmed from an erroneous ecclesiology.... He failed to understand (1) the indefectability of the Catholic Church as promised by Christ Himself and (2) the meaning of Catholic Tradition. Paul VI recognized this as early as 1976 when he wrote a letter to Lefebvre exhorting him to submit to the Church’s authority and abandon his false position.
Really?
Archbishop Lefebvre didn't understand the history of the Church or the meaning of Sacred Tradition or the indefectability of the Church? Seriously? I find that a bit of a head-shaker.
The 1976 letter of Pope Paul VI to Archbishop Lefebvre quoted in the article warned the archbishop against ordaining four priests at the seminary in Econe which took place on June 29, 1977. Much of the pope's long letter contains verbiage that echoes modernist ideas condemned by Pope Pius X. Here's the brief portion quoted:
A fortiori, a single bishop without a canonical mission does not have in actu expedito ad agendum, the faculty of deciding in general what the rule of faith is or of determining what tradition is. In practice you are claiming that you alone are the judge of what tradition embraces. [This is inaccurate since Archbishop Lefebvre always referred to the unchanging doctrines passed on by papal predecessors, not his own authority. He emphasized that he was only doing what he had done for his entire apostolic life that was now being forbidden.] You say that you are subject to the Church and faithful to tradition by the sole fact that you obey certain norms of the past that were decreed by the predecessor of him to whom God has today conferred the powers given to Peter. [The pope's "power" is not unlimited. He is the "vicar of Christ" not Christ Himself.] That is to say, on this point also, the concept of “tradition” that you invoke is distorted. Tradition is not a rigid and dead notion, a fact of a certain static sort which at a given moment of history blocks the life of this active organism which is the Church, that is, the mystical body of Christ. [The language of "living" tradition implies the progress and demand for novelty inherent in modernism. And, obviously, that was the rotten fruit harvested after the council. The debate is whether it was because of the council or because of deliberate distortions of the council.] It is up to the pope and to councils to exercise judgment in order to discern in the traditions of the Church that which cannot be renounced without infidelity to the Lord and to the Holy Spirit—the deposit of faith… Hence tradition is inseparable from the living magisterium of the Church, just as it is inseparable from sacred scripture.
In a section of the letter not quoted, Pope Paul wrote:
Nothing that was decreed in this Council, or in the reforms that we enacted in order to put the Council into effect, is opposed to what the 2,000 year-old tradition of the Church considers as fundamental and immutable....You say moreover that you do not always see how to reconcile certain texts of the Council, or certain dispositions which We have enacted in order to put the Council into practice, with the wholesome tradition of the Church and in particular with the Council of Trent or the affirmations of Our predecessors.... [And then he makes the demand which was what all of attack on Bishop Lefebvre was about - relegating the Mass of the Ages to the ash heap of history.]...you must explicitly recognize the legitimacy of the reformed liturgy, notably of the Ordo Missae, and our right to require its adoption by the entirety of the Christian people.
And herein lies a serious problem. Certain teachings of Vatican II did, in fact, contain things "opposed to what the 2,000 year-old tradition of the Church considers as fundamental and immutable." The statements of Pope Francis opposing evangelization, the tendency toward syncretism, etc. are the natural result of positions on ecumenism adopted by the Council. The meetings at Assisi, the Amazon Synod, Pachamama, and the Abu Dhabi statement on human fraternity all imply that the Catholic faith is equal to, not only other Christian religions but pagan religions as well. This was an unsurprising outcome from the document on ecumenism, Unitatis Redintegratio, and the document on non-Christian religions, Nostra Aetate. One can argue that the results are due to misinterpretations, ambiguity, and deliberate distortion rather than integral to the council documents; but the fruits harvested over the 40 years since Vatican II are certainly, in many cases, rotten. The loss of faith among Catholics witnesses to those rotten fruits!
The pope mentioned in his letter that the first Eucharistic prayer is the Roman Canon, the only canon used for millennia previous to the implementation of the Novus Ordo Missae. That seems to be his argument for claiming no break with the past. However, in 1976 many dioceses were creating dozens of different unauthorized canons with some priests making up their own. Anyone who lived through those chaotic days knows exactly how the laity were abused and scandalized by dissenter-priests using unauthorized and sacrilegious liturgies. It was rare to see any of them disciplined for their rebellion. In fact, many were rewarded and even made bishops!
As for the Roman Canon, how often today is it selected at Novus Ordo Masses? Rarely! The most common prayer is Eucharistic prayer II which is the shortest and least orthodox among the four options.
It's eye-opening to read the exchange between Pope Paul VI and Archbishop Lefebvre during the "hot summer of 1976" and then to read the pope's follow up letter to the archbishop, the letter quoted in the article.
Pope Paul VI was obviously stung by Archbishop Lefebvre's public criticism. He also believed falsehoods about the archbishop, like his accusation that the seminarians in Econe were being instructed to sign an oath against the pope, a lying defamation to which Lefebvre responded in shock!
Clearly there was much Vatican intrigue going on with the development of the Novus Ordo by wolves in the curia who could not abide any dissent defending the traditional Latin Mass. The NO architect, Annibale Bugnini, a probable freemason, played both sides as he dismantled 1500 years of tradition. He told the pope the commission designing the new Mass wanted certain things while he told the commission that the pope wanted certain things. The one who really wanted them was Bugnini and his allies.
Some things never change and the traitorous enemy within is always the most dangerous.
Unfortunately, many accept all the slanders against the SSPX without ever researching the truth. I confess to my own guilt in that department. I accepted uncritically for years that the Society was schismatic. It's only been in recent years, because of the COVID shutdowns, that I began to study both sides of the debate and realized most of what I believed was a lie.
What's next?
I believe the voice (and feet) of the faithful calling for restoration of the TLM (Traditional Latin Mass) will bear an abundant harvest of holy fruit. And it will have the positive effect of leavening also the Novus Ordo. I'm already hearing of examples of this fact in the Diocese of Arlington.
No doubt the battle will continue. The devil always seeks to repress holy works. In every Catholic movement my husband and I have served, there has been internecine warfare. Why? Because if you are doing something good, the demons will keep trying to stop it. Catholic fighting against Catholic? How delightful to Satan and his minions! It is no surprise, but rather to be expected. We just tighten our seatbelts, keep the faith according the Fathers of the Church, holy popes, and the saints, and practice charity.
Let the storm rage. It will pass in God's time. Jesus is in the boat and whether He is awake or asleep matters not as long as we refuse to let our faith falter.
My questions for those who persist in condemning the SSPX are these:
Is there a crisis in the Church?
If there is a crisis in the Church, what caused it?
What measures need to be taken to fix the problem?
Who is working the problem?
One answer I know to be the wrong one is the upcoming synod which every faithful Catholic should oppose. Gerard O'Connell wrote this for America Magazine, the Jesuit's scandalous screed sheet with editor at large Fr. James Martin:
The Synod on Synodality is officially the 16th ordinary assembly of the synod of bishops, but it promises to be radically different from any of its predecessors. Having reported on all the synods since 1985, I have come to believe that this synod—articulated in two sessions—could well be the most transformative event in the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council.
Well, there's no doubt that's true! Radical is the right word. Fr. Martin, one of the synod participants personally selected by the pope, publicly stated his intention to promote LGBT voices at the synod. No surprise from a champion of sodomy. Will the synod approve a blessings for gay unions or even gay marriage?
As Cardinal Burke, Cardinal Mueller, Archbishop Schneider and others have warned, the synod is lining up to be one more disaster for Holy Mother Church. Linking the synod, decried by many authoritative voices in the hierarchy, to Vatican II is another indication that the crisis in the Church was rooted in the Council and its aftermath of chaos.
As for the SSPX, they seem to me and many other laity, to echo the voice of the Holy Spirit. Time and God's Providence will reveal whether they are part of the solution to the crisis in the Church. I believe they are.
Come, O Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of Thy faithful and kindle in them the fire of Thy love!
Thank you for your comment on "living Tradition." a very suspicious phrase, not unlike "ongoing Revelation."
ReplyDeleteRe: Unity
ReplyDelete"That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us: that the world may believe that thou hast sent me. And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one: I in them, and thou in me, that they may be ..." John 17:21-23
We must strive for unity.
God bless
Richard W Comerford
Francis and Benedict have different hermenuetics. Vatican II taught no heresy, but it was interpreted to support heresy. And, I'm sorry to say, but SSPX have misled so many, that it just does not look as if they ever understand theology or canon law. Take, for example, the idea that only Catholics are part of the Church. Many trads would call the contrary idea a heresy, that it is a novelty from hell. But it is a theological conclusion derivable from pre-Vatican II theology.
ReplyDeleteWe know that outside the Church there is no salvation. We also know non-Catholics can be saved due to baptism of desire or invincible ignorance. These two were clearly accepted before Vatican II.
As a syllogism:
Everyone who is saved is [in some way or the other, the Church being the ark of salvation] inside the Church.
Some non-Catholics are saved.
Therefore, some non-Catholics are inside the Church.
SSPX teaches things that aren't strictly true. For example, they hold that formal heretics are not ipso facto removed from office but that someone must officially declare the fact they are heretics (and we know matters of fact happen prior to judicial judgement by any jurisprudence textbook, so this is a self-contradiction).
Anonymous (3:39am):
DeleteI have personally heard (homily, confession) SSPX teaching on the limited and strict conditions in which salvation is possible outside the Church. They are in the straight and narrow, as they are within the following examples from Sacred Tradition (with links) I now post …
Council of Florence:
“The holy Roman Church believes, professes, and preaches that no one remaining outside the Catholic Church, not just pagans, but also Jews or heretics or schismatics, can become partakers of eternal life; but they will go to the 'everlasting fire which was prepared for the devil and his angels' (Matt. 25:41),… (Pope Eugene IV, Council of Florence, 1438-45, From the Bull "Cantate Domino", February 4, 1441 ”
Syllabus of Errors;
What errors in this matter must be rejected by Catholics?
First error: "Every man is free to embrace and profess that religion which, guided by the light of reason, he shall consider true." (Proposition XV).
Second error: "Man may, in the observance of any religion whatever, find the way of eternal salvation and arrive at eternal salvation." (Proposition XVI).
Third error: "Good hope at least is to be entertained of the eternal salvation of all those who are not at all in the true Church of Christ." (Proposition XVII).
Fourth error: "Protestantism is nothing more than another form of the same true Christian religion, in which form it is given to please God equally as in the Catholic Church."
(Proposition XVIII). [Pius IX: Principal errors concerning the Church, Syllabus, Dec. 8, 1884
https://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Catholic_Doctrine/Is-there-no-salvation-outside-the-Catholic-Church.htm
As to “Invincible Ignorance”
“Blessed Pius IX wrote in Quanto conficiamur moerore:
There are, of course, those who are struggling with invincible ignorance about our most holy religion. Sincerely observing the natural law and its precepts inscribed by God on all hearts and ready to obey God, they live honest lives and are able to attain eternal life by the efficacious virtue of divine light and grace since God who clearly beholds, searches, and knows the minds, souls, thoughts, and habits of all men, because of His great goodness and mercy, will by no means suffer anyone to be punished with eternal torment who has not the guilt of deliberate sin."
(My comment on this is, if one is ignorant, and a Catholic fails to remedy the ignorance if they can, the sin of the other’s unbelief falls on them (Ezekiel 3:18-21).)
http://iteadthomam.blogspot.com/2007/09/extra-ecclesiam-nulla-salus-and.html?m=1
This is all very personal to me, as it should be to every Catholic in varying degrees. All my extended members remain Protestant. As they advance and age, then die, what am I supposed to say to them?
Not what you say, here:
- quote -
“Some non-Catholics are saved.
Therefore, some non-Catholics are inside the Church.”
- end quote -
Because as soon as I go down that path … I will always end up at an Indifferentist conclusion. And missionaries, like the seven Sainted North American Martyrs would *never* give up country, comfort and home for certain violent death for the sake of lost souls - because what then is the point?!
I guarantee you, the SSPX position is nuanced but essentially true, encompassing “Invincible Ignorance”, as I excerpted from RC Treasure above.
Two extracts from your excellent meditation on conflict over SSPX.
ReplyDelete1: “The pope's "power" is not unlimited. He is the "vicar of Christ" not Christ Himself.”. This is so often lost these days. We worship Christ.
The Pope helps us worship Christ. The Pope guards Christ’s Sacred Tradition which reveals Christ so that therein we can find Christ. The Pope does *not* get to reveal a new “christ” or new “traditions” to find new “christ” - such a “Pope” as that has “anti” attached as his pronoun.
2: “Nothing that was decreed in this Council, or in the reforms that we enacted in order to put the Council into effect, is opposed to what the 2,000 year-old tradition of the Church considers as fundamental and immutable.” (Pope JPII). - - And - “… you must explicitly recognize the legitimacy of the reformed liturgy, notably of the Ordo Missae, and our right to require its adoption by the entirety of the Christian people” (also Pope JPII)
And time has proved your assertion is correct “Certain teachings of Vatican II did, in fact, contain things "opposed to what the 2,000 year-old tradition of the Church considers as fundamental and immutable." (MA Kreitzer). What began with changing the Holy Mass into a Protestant worship service (I’ve been to both, I know them well, there’s not a dime’s worth of difference) has now devolved into a revolutionary overthrow of the entire RC religion, with Cardinals, such as Bishop (Cardinal elect) Aguiar of Portugal, publicly insisting that not only are all religions, or no religion, equivalent … they are desired in the diversity of beliefs that he proclaims is pleasing to God.
Time and is bearing out the fruits of both positions of JPII and the conciliar Church he represents and Arbp LeFebvre and the RC Church of Sacred Tradition that he represents. One is not Catholic in any measurable sense. The other is Catholic. My job as a Catholic is to stay on the narrow path that leads to life in communion with all the saints who have ever lived and proclaim the unchanging Gospel of *Christ*, *not* the living gospel of the groovy Pope, to the world.
I pray we will return soon to the unified Church in which the Pope returns to union with Christ and through Christ to union with all other Popes who have ever lived. We
As to my observation that … “What began with changing the Holy Mass into a Protestant worship service (I’ve been to both, I know them well, there’s not a dime’s worth of difference) …”
DeleteHere’s proof of the ongoing takeover of the Holy RC Liturgy by Proddies -
Headline: “CBCP liturgy body clarifies hand posture during ‘Lord’s Prayer’
https://cbcpnews.net/cbcpnews/cbcp-liturgy-body-clarifies-hand-posture-during-lords-prayer/
That’s what I remember when I couldn’t take it any more - all 1,000 pairs of up in the air, palms up, waving, waving, waving; bodies swaying.
And even then, long before I became Catholic or even thought the thought, I wondered in the midst of it all - if God really “is in this place”, as they say, why are we all on our feet? Why aren’t we on our knees in the presence of Almighty God who they say is in our very presence?
So this NuOrder Mass is very familiar to me. I didn’t like it then. I like it even less now.
Side note: isn’t it interesting the revolutionaries save the Latin for that which they are most trying to deceive with? Why not use vernacular to say what this is: New (Novus) Order (Ordo) - NuMass®️?
Anonymous, I disagree with your syllogism. The fact that some non-Catholics are saved does not mean they are "inside the Church." Perhaps at the moment of death God opens their eyes and gives them a choice to accept or reject the Church. At that point the would become Catholics.
ReplyDeleteAs for some for your other statements, I don't know whether they are "strictly true" or simply your interpretation. Everything I've heard from our SSPX priests conforms to all my Catholic education and study. I'm watching the Crisis in the Church series at present (on episode 16) and have not heard one jarring note.
I trust in God's Providence and continue to search for the truth as I hope all Catholics do. God will always answer the prayer, "Lord, please teach me Your ways and help me to conform my will to Yours."
Well....I'm old and tired. My mind isn't nearly as brilliant as Mary Ann's so I'm just going to let it all glide by me and be my own kind of Catholic. I don't care anymore mainly because it's all so confusing and because I never know one Catholic "expert" from another. Who are all these people anyway? I'll just let them all fight with each other over who's right and who's wrong, who's going to hell and who isn't, what Francis means and what he doesn't.
ReplyDeleteI've read "THE JESUITS: The Betrayal of the Roman Catholic Church" and by page 89 (I did read the entire 600 page book) knew what Francis was up to. It's all so clear....and there's nothing I can do (pray, of course) so until God wants to straighten out His Church I'll just live a Catholic life the best I know how. (Don't say that I'm not a foot soldier. I have been but am worn out from life at this point.)
If I am too tired to drive 45 minutes over and back to the SSPX, I'll go to the local Spanish Mass. I'll obey all the rules and regulations, but will not read what the "experts" are currently arguing over.
I'll go to whatever Mass gives me the most spiritual nourishment and currently that's the SSPX. Don't tell me the SSPX is schismatic and I'm going to hell, because I don't care. If I go to hell because I go to the SSPX at least there'll be a lot of super nice people there with me.
Anon @ 3:39AM If what you say ("SSPX teaches things that aren't strictly true. For example, they hold that formal heretics are not ipso facto removed from office but that someone must officially declare the fact they are heretics (and we know matters of fact happen prior to judicial judgement by any jurisprudence textbook, so this is a self-contradiction).")
ReplyDeleteis true then why was this distinction made?
"The powers given to Pole on 8 March 1554 distinguished two classes of priests: the first, those who had really received sacred orders, either before the secession of Henry VIII, or, if after it and by ministers infected by error and schism, still according to the accustomed Catholic Rite; the second, those who were initiated according to the Edwardine Ordinal, who on that account could be promoted, since they had received an ordination that was null"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolicae_curae
Also when the Nicene creed was being disputed from 325-381 were these disputing bishops later considered to be without office and all their actions null during this time?
"The debates among these groups resulted in numerous synods, among them the Council of Serdica in 343, the Fourth Council of Sirmium in 358 and the double Council of Rimini and Seleucia in 359, and no fewer than fourteen further creed formulas between 340 and 360, leading the pagan observer Ammianus Marcellinus to comment sarcastically: "The highways were covered with galloping bishops."[85] None of these attempts were acceptable to the defenders of Nicene orthodoxy; writing about the latter councils, Saint Jerome remarked that the world "awoke with a groan to find itself Arian."[86][87] "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism
Anon @ 3:39AM (continued)You don't understand how the Church works or what the Church is. You consider Pope Leo X whose family's money bought him the office (simony) okay because some men before your time have declared him a 'valid pope.'
ReplyDelete"From an early age Giovanni was destined for an ecclesiastical career. He received the tonsure at the age of seven and was soon granted RICH BENEFICES and PREFERMENTS. His father, Lorenzo de' Medici, was worried about his character early on and wrote a letter to Giovanni to warn him to avoid vice and luxury upon the beginning of his ecclesiastical career. Here is a notable excerpt: "There is one rule which I would recommend to your attention in preference to all others. Rise early in the morning"..His father prevailed on his relative Pope Innocent VIII to name him cardinal of Santa Maria in Domnica on 9 March 1489 when he was age 13,[4] although he was not allowed to wear the insignia or share in the deliberations of the college until three years later. Meanwhile, he received an education at Lorenzo's humanistic court under such men as Angelo Poliziano, Pico della Mirandola, Marsilio Ficino and Bernardo Dovizio Bibbiena...Giovanni was elected pope on 9 March 1513, and this was proclaimed two days later.[8] The absence of the French cardinals effectively reduced the election to a contest between Giovanni (who had the support of the younger and noble members of the college) and Raffaele Riario (who had the support of the older group). On 15 March 1513, he was ordained priest, and consecrated as bishop on 17 March. He was crowned Pope on 19 March 1513 at the age of 37. He was the last non-priest to be elected pope.[2] "In 1517 he led a costly war that succeeded in securing his nephew Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici as Duke of Urbino, but reduced papal finances. In Protestant circles, Leo is associated with granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica, a practice that was soon challenged by Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Leo rejected the Protestant Reformation, and his Papal bull of 1520, Exsurge Domine, condemned Luther's condemnatory stance, rendering ongoing communication difficult. He borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganised the Roman University, and promoted the study of literature, poetry and antiquities. He died in 1521"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_X
And Leo X is not alone. There are many, many, many, many like him whose very lives (deeds) show them to be unbelievers and yet you consider they held office because "The Church" (a collection of men before your time) have declared it to be so (without this declaration the Church would have ended long, long ago). You do not understand the Church or what it is. The main thing is that it's the spouse of Christ -- since it's His spouse, let Him take care of it. Watch and condemn yourself. Are you doing what would please Him? Are you going about doing good; instructing these men in their errors by your good example and wise arguments; spreading the faith and making it available so more can learn and practice it? I hate to imagine you trying to justify yourself to Jesus Christ on why you spent your life accusing and condemning the SSPX instead of helping them spread the Faith.
"you must explicitly recognize the legitimacy of the reformed liturgy,"
ReplyDeleteAmen! Our reformed liturgy is legitimate and you must acknowledge that to be saved!
I have enjoyed these blog posts. I can honestly say that some of the ones who despise the FSSPX are like those who chose the deathvax, defended their position and condescended to everyone who was afraid or unsure.
ReplyDeleteNow that evidence has appeared that shows the vaccines are dangerous, those who defended them don’t want to see the truth.
The same relates to the FSSPX. Many in the Church have looked upon the FSSPX as a bunch of conspiracy theorists and common enemies with other, similar Novus Ordo groups in the Church. So many lies were spread and so many voiced their opposition that they are afraid to even look at the truth where they can find it.
It takes more than truth to convince people. It takes a heart open to it with all the graces necessary to accept it. As St. Bernadette said, “My duty is to inform, not to convince.” I only pray that more people are open to researching the truth.
I was also lied to for so long. It took time, and, I believe graces granted to me through the intercession of a friend and saints, that led me to understand the reality of the FSSPX, aka the Fraternity of the Apostles of Jesus and Mary.
Annie.S said: “It takes more than truth to convince people. It takes a heart open to it with all the graces necessary to accept it. As St. Bernadette said, “My duty is to inform, not to convince.”
DeleteIt takes the pressure off, and puts things into perspective, to realize it (conversion of sinners) is not up to us. We do what we must, but conversions belong to the Gardener (I Cor 3: 6-9).
This reminded me of the story of Moses and Pharaoh, who was granted truth directly from God through the mouth of the greatest Prophet who ever lived. But his heart was hard. None of it mattered, because of his defective spiritual heart - pride. He was willing to put his entire kingdoms at risk in the midst of the obvious judgements of God against him, rather than listen, obey He who is above him, acknowledge his submissive duty to follow the will of He who holds the power of Kings and Pharaohs in His hand.
“Who is the LORD, that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the LORD and I will not let Israel go.”
Knowledge, even that imparted by Moses himself, or St Bernadette, is not going to convince anyone. It’s a necessary ingredient, but grace from God and a soft heart willing to receive it and give God’s grace space to grow and thrive is the key to any conversion from wrong to right.
And I say that as a personal challenge to myself - always aware that pride may preclude me from hearing the still, small voice of God who calls gently in time … before the terrible day of Judgement outside of time.
It does not seem that the author acutually read the article, because if she had, she would know that it was not written by Dom Dalmasso.
ReplyDeleteI thank you for the correction. Since I wrote this over a year ago, I can't remember how I overlooked that -- perhaps I skipped the introduction or was careless in reading it and just noticed Dom Dalmasso's name at the top.
Delete